Résumé
This book is intended as a text/reference for students and
researchers interested in physical and biomedical
applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Both the
theoretical and practical aspects of MRI are emphasized.
The book begins with a comprehensive discussion of the
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) phenomenon based on
quantum mechanics and the classical theory of
electromagnetism. The reader is then introduced to the
principles of image reconstruction in MRI: the use of
Fourier transform, point-spread function, spatial
resolution, and aliasing. Basic MRI techniques for spatial
encoding and commonly used imaging pulse sequences are
considered in detail. The discussion then focuses on
contrast mechanisms in MRI, as well as different techniques
used to improve contrast in MR images. Due to the
importance of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in terms of image
quality, the subject of SNR is addressed, highlighting the
dependence on SNR on imaging parameters and field strength.
Following the SNR discussion, common artifacts in MRI as
well as the developed techniques for artifact reduction are
described. Two chapters are dedicated to the subject of
flow imaging and rapid MRI required for state-of-the-art
diagnostic medical imaging.
Contents
- Foreword xi
- Acknowledgements xiii
- Introduction 1
- References 7
- 1.1. The Phenomenon of NMR 9
- 1.2. Motion of Magnetic Moments 12
- 1.3. The Bloch Equations 15
- 1.4. Basic NMR Experiment 17
- 1.5. T[superscript * subscript 2] Decay 19
- 1.6. Spin Echoes 21
- 1.7. Signal Attenuation Due to Diffusion 24
- References 26
- 2.1. Dynamics of Repeatedly Excited Magnetization 29
- 2.2. Ernst Angle 34
- 2.3. Spatially Selective Excitation 35
- References 39
- 3.1. Image Reconstruction from Discrete Samples 41
- 3.2. Frequency and Phase Encoding 44
- 3.3. Basic Gradient and Spin-echo Pulse Sequences 49
- 3.4. K-space 53
- References 56
- 4.1. Main Contrast Mechanisms in [superscript 1]H MRI 58
- 4.2. Contrast Agents 64
- 4.3. Magnetization Transfer Contrast 67
- 4.4. Diffusion-Weighted Images 71
- References 73
- 5.1. Noise Variance in MR Images 77
- 5.2. SNR in 2D and 3D MRI 80
- 5.3. SNR Field Dependence 83
- References 85
- 6.1. Artifacts Due to Magnetic Field Nonuniformity 87
- 6.2. Chemical Shift Artifacts 90
- 6.3. Artifacts Due to Motion and Flow 95
- 6.4. MRI Techniques for Motion Artifact Reduction 100
- References 107
- 7.1. Rapid Gradient-Echo Imaging 111
- 7.2. Echo-Planar Imaging 116
- 7.3. Fast Spin-Echo Imaging 120
- 7.4. Spiral Imaging 125
- 7.5. Partial k-Space Acquisition 128
- References 133
- 8.1. Time-of-Flight Techniques 135
- 8.2. Phase-contrast MRA 143
- 8.3. Contrast-enhanced MRI of Flow 146
- References 147
- 9.1. Magnets 151
- 9.2. Gradient Coils 161
- 9.3. Radiofrequency Coils 164
- References 171
- A. Phase-sensitive Detection 173
- B. Image Display 175
- Index 177
Caractéristiques techniques
| PAPIER | |
| Éditeur(s) | Academic Press |
| Auteur(s) | Vadim Kuperman |
| Parution | 11/01/2002 |
| Nb. de pages | 182 |
| Format | 15,5 x 23,5 |
| Couverture | Relié |
| Poids | 450g |
| Intérieur | Noir et Blanc |
| EAN13 | 9780124291508 |
| ISBN13 | 978-0-12-429150-8 |
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