TCP/IP and Linux Protocol Implementation

Contents

• List of Figures.
• List of Tables.
• Preface.
• 1. Overview of the Internet Protocols.
• 1.1 Roadmap.
• 1.2 Introduction.
• 1.3 Protocols.
• 1.3.1 A Note on Programming Languages and Methodologies.
• 1.4 Protocol Stacks.
• 1.4.1 The Basics.
• 1.4.2 IP.
• 1.4.3 Routes.
• 1.4.4 TCP.
• 1.4.5 Packet Exchange Patterns.
• 1.4.6 Performance Trends.
• 1.5 Security.
• 1.6 Performance.
• 1.6.1 Integrated Services.
• 1.6.2 Differentiated Services.
• 1.7 Summary.
• 2. Introduction to the Linux Operating System.
• 2.1 Roadmap.
• 2.2 What Is an Operating System?
• 2.2.1 MultiUser.
• 2.2.2 MultiTasking.
• 2.2.3 MultiDevice.
• 2.2.4 From Input/Output to Interprocess Communication.
• 2.2.5 Processor Independence.
• 2.2.6 Concurrency Control.
• 2.2.7 Memory Management.
• 2.3 What More Could You Ask For?
• 2.3.1 Reliability, Efficiency, Safety, Security.
• 2.4 The Source Code Organization.
• 2.5 A Day in the Life of a Process.
• 2.6 A Day in the Life of a File.
• 2.7 A Day in the Life of an Operating System.
• 2.7.1 The Start of Time.
• 2.7.2 As Time Goes By.
• 2.7.3 The End of Time.
• 2.8 A Day in the Life of a Device Driver.
• 2.9 A Day in the Life of a Kernel Module.
• 2.10 SMP.
• 2.10.1 Application Support.
• 2.11 A Day in the Life of Time.
• 2.12 Summary.
• 3. The Brief Life of a Packet.
• 3.1 Roadmap.
• 3.1.1 User, Application, and Protocol Viewpoints.
• 3.1.2 Source Code, Execution, and Wire Viewpoints.
• 3.1.3 State, Memory, and So On.
• 3.2 TCP Example.
• 3.2.1 Socket Level.
• 3.2.2 TCP Output.
• 3.2.3 IP Output Work.
• 3.2.4 Link-Level Output.
• 3.2.5 Link-Level Input.
• 3.2.6 IP Input Work.
• 3.2.7 TCP Input Work.
• 3.2.8 Socket InputWork.
• 3.2.9 On the Wire.
• 3.3 DNS/UDP Example.
• 3.3.1 UDP Output.
• 3.3.2 UDP Input.
• 3.3.3 On the Wire.
• 3.4 RTP/UDP (Multicast) Example.
• 3.4.1 On the Wire.
• 3.4.2 But with a Router in the Path...
• 3.5 Three Views of the Traces of Ping.
• 4. Interprocess Communication.
• 4.1 Roadmap.
• 4.2 Socket API.
• 4.3 The Actual Socket API.
• 4.4 Using the Socket API.
• 4.4.1 Polling a Socket.
• 4.4.2 Nonblocking I/O.
• 4.4.3 Asynchronous I/O.
• 4.4.4 System Include Files.
• 4.5 Summary.
• 5. Protocol Implementation Framework.
• 5.1 Roadmap.
• 5.2 A Day in the Life of a Software Interrupt.
• 5.2.1 Concurrency in the Linux Communications Stack.
• 5.2.2 Producer/Consumer Chain.
• 5.2.3 What about Real Multiprocessor Systems?
• 5.3 Bottom Up: Interrupts, DMA, and So On.
• 5.4 Device Level, Bottom Up, One Level Up.
• 5.4.1 Network Device Driver API.
• 5.4.2 Network Reception.
• 5.4.3 A Specific Device Driver-3c501.
• 5.4.4 Link Driver-Level Configuration.
• 5.5 Top Down: Socket Glue Level.
• 5.5.1 Virtual File System Socket Instance Functions.
• 5.6 Sideways: A Day in the Life of a Socket Buffer.
• 5.6.1 Allocating a Socket Buffer.
• 5.6.2 Allocating and Freeing a Socket Buffer from the Global Pool. 5.6.3 Manipulating Socket Buffers.
• 5.7 A Day in the Life of a Protocol Control Block.
• 5.7.1 Socket and Route-Related Transport State.
• 5.7.2 Future of the Socket Structure.
• 5.7.3 Reference Counting.
• 5.7.4 Sockets and Routes.
• 5.7.5 Socket Credentials Manager Interface.
• 5.7.6 A Brief Comparison with BSD Style Stack Infrastructure.
• 5.8 Summary.
• 6. Infrastructure Protocols.
• 6.1 Roadmap.
• 6.2 IP.
• 6.2.1 Internet Protocol Output.
• 6.2.2 Fragmentation.
• 6.2.3 Internet Protocol Input.
• 6.2.4 Internet Protocol Forwarding.
• 6.2.5 Internet Protocol Fragmentation Support Functions.
• 6.2.6 Internet Protocol Options.
• 6.2.7 Internet Protocol Socket Glue.
• 6.3 Addressing.
• 6.4 Network-Level Debugging-ICMP.
• 6.5 Group Management-IGMP.
• 6.5.1 IGMP.
• 6.5.2 Managing the Group/Interface State.
• 6.5.3 Multicast Forwarding.
• 6.5.4 Multicast Transmission.
• 6.5.5 PIM Specifics.
• 6.5.6 Starting Multicast.
• 6.6 NATs, Tunnels, and Other Hacks.
• 6.7 Network Address Translation.
• 6.8 Tunnels.
• 6.8.1 IP in IP Tunnels.
• 6.8.2 GRE Tunnels.
• 6.9 IP version.
• 6.9.1 IPv6 Header Definitions.
• 6.9.2 IPv6 API.
• 6.9.3 IPv6 Address (Auto) Configuration.
• 6.9.4 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery.
• 6.9.5 IPv6 Input.
• 6.9.6 IPv6 Output.
• 6.9.7 IPv6 Forward Function.
• 6.9.8 IPv6 Socket Glue.
• 6.9.9 IPv6 Flow Label.
• 6.9.10 Extension Headers.
• 6.9.11 Simple Internet Transition.
• 6.9.12 Effect on Transport of IPv6 of Note.
• 6.10 Summary.
• 7. Transport.
• 7.1 Roadmap.
• 7.2 Introduction.
• 7.3 UDP-User Datagram Protocol.
• 7.3.1 Introduction.
• 7.3.2 Multiplexing.
• 7.3.3 UDP Packet Header Anatomy.
• 7.3.4 Transport Layer Linkage.
• 7.3.5 The sock Structure.
• 7.3.6 DNS Lookup.
• 7.4 TCP-Transmission Control Protocol.
• 7.4.1 TCP Transport Functionality.
• 7.4.2 HTTP Request.
• 7.4.3 TCP Header.
• 7.4.4 TCP Implementation.
• 7.4.5 TCP States.
• 7.4.6 TCP Structures.
• 7.4.7 TCP Code.
• 7.4.8 TCP Behavior.
• 7.5 Management.
• 7.6 TCP vs. UDP.
• 7.7 RTP-Real-Time Protocol.
• 7.8 Writing a New Transport Layer.
• 7.9 Summary.
• 8. Routing.
• 8.1 Roadmap.
• 8.2 Introduction.
• 8.3 Forwarding Table Computation.
• 8.3.1 IP Addressing.
• 8.3.2 FIB Purpose.
• 8.3.3 FIB Implementation.
• 8.3.4 FIB Interface.
• 8.3.5 FIB Code.
• 8.4 Multicast.
• 8.4.1 Dense Mode, Data-Driven Multicast Routing.
• 8.4.2 Sparse and Single-Source Multicast.
• 8.5 QoS Routing.
• 8.6 Routing Table Construction.
• 8.6.1 GateD.
• 8.6.2 Route Control and Traffic Control Maintenance.
• 8.7 Host Routing.
• 8.8 Managing IP-Level State Information-the IPCommand.
• 8.9 Summary.
• 9. Forwarding.
• 9.1 Roadmap.
• 9.2 Introduction.
• 9.2.1 Integrated Services.
• 9.2.2 Admission Test for Integrated Services Guaranteed Service.
• 9.2.3 Network Architecture.
• 9.3 Mixing Traffic onto the Wire.
• 9.3.1 Performance Parameters.
• 9.3.2 Probing or Measurement-Based Admission Control?
• 9.4 Elastic and Inelastic Applications-Tolerance for Variation?
• 9.4.1 Network Source Behavior Characterization: Leaky and Token Buckets.
• 9.5 Packet-Forward Scheduling and Queue Management.
• 9.6 Queuing Disciplines.
• 9.6.1 Common Scheduling Disciplines.
• 9.6.2 Class-Based Queuing.
• 9.7 Queue Management.
• 9.7.1 Random Early Detection.
• 9.8 Linux Forwarding Treatment Architecture.
• 9.8.1 Output Interface.
• 9.8.2 Queue Discipline.
• 9.8.3 Class/Type.
• 9.8.4 Filter, or Classifier.
• 9.9 The Classifier Code.
• 9.9.1 Classifiers.
• 9.10 Queuing Discipline.
• 9.11 Scheduler Framework.
• 9.11.1 Scheduling API.
• 9.11.2 Scheduler Framework.
• 9.12 Class-Based Queuing.
• 9.13 Queue Management.
• 9.13.1 Best-Effort (Also Known as FIFO) Scheduler.
• 9.13.2 Ingress Queuing.
• 9.13.3 Differentiated Services Marker.
• 9.13.4 RED and Friends.
• 9.13.5 Explicit Congestion Notification.
• 9.13.6 GRED.
• 9.13.7 Token Bucket Queue.
• 9.13.8 Ingress Queuing.
• 9.13.9 Priority Queuing.
• 9.13.10 Stochastic Fairness Queuing.
• 9.13.11 Priority Queuing.
• 9.13.12 Stochastic Fairness Queuing.
• 9.13.13 Link Equalization.
• 9.13.14 Profiling.
• 9.14 Managing Forwarding Treatment Information-the TC Command.
• 9.14.1 Traffic Control-Using the Tool.
• 9.14.2 Traffic Control-How the Tool Is Implemented.
• 9.14.3 TC Command Usage.
• 9.15 BSD.
• 9.16 Summary.
• 10. Security.
• 10.1 Roadmap.
• 10.2 Security Scenarios.
• 10.2.1 Firewalls.
• 10.2.2 NAT-Network Address Translation.
• 10.3 Netfilter.
• 10.3.1 Introduction.
• 10.3.2 IP Tables.
• 10.3.3 Summary.
• 10.4 IPSec.
• 10.5 SSL.
• 10.6 Summary.
• Afterword.
• Glossary.
• Bibliography.
• Index.