Basic Hazardous Waste Management

This Third Edition updates and expands the material presented in the best-selling first and second editions of Basic Hazardous Waste Management. It covers health and safety issues affecting hazardous waste workers, management and regulation of radioactive and biomedical/infectious wastes, as well as current trends in technologies. While the topics have been completely revised, the author employs the same practical approach that made the previous editions so popular. Chapters are structured to first outline the issue, subject, or technology, then to describe generic practice, and then to conclude with a summary of the statutory or regulatory approach.Blackman introduces fundamental issues such as human health hazards; the environmental impacts of toxic, reactive, and ignitable materials; the mobility, pathways and fates of released hazardous materials; and the roles of science, technology, and risk assessment in the standards-setting process. He explores hazardous waste site remediation technology, and the application of federal statutes, regulations, programs, and policies to the cleanup of contaminated sites. This text provides an introductory framework-which can serve as the foundation for a program of study in traditional as well as modern hazardous waste management-or a component of a related program. Its overview format provides numerous references to more detailed materials to assist the student or instructor in expansion on specific topics.

Contents

THE HAZARDOUS WASTE PERSPECTIVE

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Dawning of the Problem
• Early Efforts-What Worked/Didn't Work
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References

DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Objectives
• Introduction
• The Chemist
• The Life Scientist/Health Professional
• The Environmentalist
• The Legislator/Lawyer/Administrator/Diplomat
• Implementing the RCRA Definition of "Hazardous Waste"
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References

PATHWAYS, FATES, AND DISPOSITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE RELEASES

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Releases of Chemicals to the Environment
• Movement, Fates, and Disposition
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References

TOXICOLOGY AND THE STANDARD-SETTING PROCESSES

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Public Health Impacts
• Regulatory Application of Health Standards and Criteria
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References

HAZARDOUS WASTE SOURCES/GENERATORS

• Objectives
• Introduction
• The Generator Defined
• Wastes Generated
• Regulatory Requirements
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References
• Appendix A: Examples of Hazardous Wastes Produced by Basic Industries
• Appendix B: DOT Eight-Step Procedure for Preparation of Hazardous Material Shipments

TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Modes and Scope of Hazardous Waste Transportation
• Regulatory Structures
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS AND PROCESSES

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Administrative and Non-Technical Requirements
• General Technical Standards for Interim Status and Permitted Facilities
• Hazardous Waste Treatment
• Accumulation and Storage of Hazardous Waste
• Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste
• Other Treatment and Disposal Methods
• Land Disposal Restrictions
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• Appendix A: MACT Emission Standards for Hazardous Waste Combustion Units
• References

POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTE MINIMIZATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Hazardous Waste Minimization Techniques
• Multi-Conceptual Approaches
• The RCRA Hazardous Waste Minimization Program
• RCRC Regulation of Recycling
• EPA Implementation of The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• Appendix A: State Agency P2 Linkages and Resources
• Appendix B: P2 Information, Concepts, and Linkages
• References

RCRA PERMITS, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Permits to Treat, Store, or Dispose of Hazardous Waste
• The Corrective Action Process
• Compliance Requirements of RCRA
• Enforcement of RCRA Regulations
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References

ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES FOR SITE REMEDIATION

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Identifying Problem Sites and Obtaining Background Information
• Site Assessment Procedures in the Private Sector
• Compliance Inspections/Investigations by Regulatory Agencies
• Site Evaluation
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• Appendix A: ASTM Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process (Appendix x2)
• References

SITE REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES, PRACTICES, AND REGULATIONS

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Remedial Objectives
• On-Site Remedial Techniques
• Off-Site Technologies and Practices
• RCRA and Superfund Remedial Actions
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References
• Appendix A: Typical Plants Used in Various Phytoremediation Applications

MEDICAL/BIOMEDICAL/INFECTIOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Definition and Characterization of Medical Waste
• Infectious Waste Management
• Treatment of infectious Waste
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• Appendix A: Bloodborne Pathogens Final Standard: Summary of Key Provisions
• References

RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Background
• The Nature, Effects, and Measurement of Radioactivity
• Radiation Protection
• Regulatory Structures
• High-Level Radioactive Waste
• Transuranic Waste Management
• Low-Level Waste Management
• Mixed Waste Management
• Uranium Mine and Mill Tailings Management
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• Appendix A: Commercial and Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Options
• References

UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK MANAGEMENT

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Leaking Underground Storage Tanks-Problems and Causes
• Protection of Tanks and Piping from Corrosion
• Detection of Leaks from Underground Storage Tank Systems
• RCRA Subtitle I Regulations and Requirements
• Closure of Underground Storage Tank Facilities
• Compliance Summary
• Topics for Review or Discussion
• References

HAZARDOUS WASTE WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY

• Objectives
• Introduction
• Hazards Encountered on Hazardous Waste Sites
• Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
• The HAZWOPER Summarized
• Other Important Topics and Compliance Issues
• Appendix A: OSHA Workplace Standards That May Apply to Hazardous Waste Sites
• References
• Glossary
• Index