Fundamentals of Electric Circuit Analysis

Contents

  Basic Definitions and Laws                       1
    Charge and Electric Forces                     2
    Voltage                                        3
    Current and Magnetic Forces                    7
    Lumped Circuit Elements and Power              10
    Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)                  13
    Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)                  18
    Conservation of Power                          28
    Series and Parallel Connections of Elements    30
    Equivalent Circuits                            32
    Redrawing Circuits in Equivalent Forms         34
    Application Examples                           36
      Residential Power Distribution               36
      Automobile Storage Batteries                 39
  Basic Circuit Elements and Analysis Techniques   51
    The Independent Voltage and Current Sources    51
    The Linear Resistor and Ohm's Law              55
    Single-Loop and Single-Node-Pair Circuits      59
    Resistors in Series and in Parallel            67
      Circuit Solution by Circuit Reduction        73
    Voltage and Current Division                   77
    Solutions for Circuits Containing More than    85
    One Source
    Source Transformations                         90
    The Controlled (Dependent) Voltage and         94
    Current Sources
      Analysis of Circuits Containing              97
      Controlled Sources
      Equivalent Resistances of Circuits           100
      Containing Controlled Sources
    PSPICE Applications                            105
    Application Examples                           116
      Ammeters, Voltmeters, and Ohmmeters          116
      An Audio Amplifier                           118
  Additional Circuit Analysis Techniques           135
    The Principle of Superposition                 135
    The Thevenin Equivalent Circuit                142
    The Norton Equivalent Circuit                  147
    Maximum Power Transfer                         153
    The Node-Voltage Method                        154
      Circuits Containing Voltage Sources          160
    The Mesh-Current Method                        164
      Circuits Containing Current Sources          169
    PSPICE Applications                            173
    MATLAB Applications                            175
  The Operational Amplifier (Op Amp)               191
    The Actual Op Amp versus the Ideal Op Amp      191
      The Inverting Amplifier                      194
      Negative Feedback and Saturation             195
    Other Useful Op-Amp Circuits                   198
      The Noninverting Amplifier                   198
      The Difference Amplifier                     199
      The Summer                                   201
      The Buffer                                   203
      The Comparator                               204
    Applications                                   204
      A Strain-Gauge Instrumentation Circuit       205
      A Photocell Instrumentation Circuit          206
    PSPICE Applications                            206
  The Energy Storage Elements                      213
    The Capacitor                                  213
      Capacitors in Series and in Parallel         218
      Continuity of Capacitor Voltages             220
    The Inductor                                   220
      Inductors in Series and in Parallel          224
      Continuity of Inductor Currents              225
    Mutual Inductance                              226
      The Ideal Transformer                        231
    Response of the Energy Storage Elements to     234
    DC Sources
    The Differential Equations of a Circuit        235
    The Op-Amp Differentiator and Integrator       239
    PSPICE Applications                            241
    Application Examples                           250
      An Electronic Timer                          250
      DC Power Distribution Sag in Digital         251
      Logic Circuits
  Sinusoidal Excitation of Circuits                261
    The Sinusoidal Source                          261
      Representation of General Waveforms Via      263
      the Fourier Series
      Response of Circuits to Sinusoidal Sources   266
    Complex Numbers, Complex Algebra, and          267
    Euler's Identity
    The Phasor (Frequency-Domain) Circuit          274
      Representation of Sinusoidal Sources With    274
      Euler's Identity
      The Phasor Circuit                           277
    Applications of Resistive-Circuit Analysis     280
    Techniques in the Phasor Circuit
    Circuits Containing More than One              287
    Sinusoidal Source
      Sources of the Same Frequency                288
    Power                                          292
      Power Relations for the Elements             296
      Power Factor                                 299
      Maximum Power Transfer                       303
      Superposition of Average Power               304
      Effective (RMS) values of Periodic           310
      Waveforms
    Phasor Diagrams                                314
    Frequency Response of Circuits                 316
      Transfer Functions                           316
      Resonance                                    320
      Elementary Electrical Filters                322
      Active (Op-Amp) Filters                      326
    Commercial Power Distribution                  327
      Wye-Connected Loads                          329
      Delta-Connected Loads                        332
    PSPICE Applications                            333
    MATLAB Applications                            337
    Application Examples                           341
      AM Radio Tuner                               341
      Crosstalk in Transmission Lines              342
  General Excitation of Circuits                   361
    First-Order Circuit Response                   361
      The RL Circuit                               362
      The RC Circuit                               369
    Second-Order Circuit Response                  373
      The Series RLC Circuit                       373
      The Parallel RLC Circuit                     383
    The Laplace Transform                          387
      Important Properties of the Laplace          388
      Transform
      Transforms of Important Time Functions       389
      The Laplace Transforms of the R, L, and C    394
      Elements
      Determining Initial Conditions               401
    The Inverse Laplace Transform by               403
    Partial-Fraction Expansion
      Real and Distinct Poles                      405
      Real and Repeated Poles                      407
      Complex Conjugate Poles                      409
    First-Order Circuit Response                   413
      The RL Circuit                               413
      The RC Circuit                               417
      Additional Examples of First-Order           421
      Circuit Response
    Second-Order Circuit Response                  424
    The Step and Impulse Responses                 435
    Convolution                                    443
    Application of Linearity and Time Invariance   446
    PSPICE Applications                            451
    MATLAB Applications                            456
    Application Examples                           464
      A Light Flasher                              464
      Ringing in Digital Circuits                  465
      Crosstalk in Digital Circuits                466
APPENDIX Solution of Linear Algebraic Equations    485
    A.1 Gauss Elimination                          486
    A.2 Cramer's Rule                              487
    A.3 Matrix Algebra                             490
Index                                              497</body>
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