Résumé
Theory
Several developments of acoustical interest have taken place over the past several decades to facilitate the measurement and prediction of the speed of sound in gases. The first is the appearance of several excellent tabulations of the thermodynamic properties of matter, in the gaseous as well as in other states, with increased emphasis upon the specification of uncertainty. The second is the extensive theoretical and experimental work that has led to an improved understanding of the molecular processes responsible for relaxation and associated dispersion in gases. Finally there is the emergence of the spherical resonator as an instrument par excellence, with the proven capability to yield acoustic data of such quality as to rival nonacoustic methods for determining related thermophysical properties of gases.
Handbook tabulations of the speed of sound, on the other hand, have not kept pace with the progress of the art. The few handbooks that contain actual measured data have not been updated for at least thirty years. Others generally include the speed of sound along with tabulations of the thermodynamic properties of gases. The sound speeds are usually derived from specific equations of state, with little verification by comparison with measured data, and are valid only in the limit to zero frequency. In other words there is no information on the dispersion. Further, the uncertainty, like the speed of sound itself, is a function of the temperature, pressure, and acoustic frequency - called here the intrinsic parameters-but this detail is also lacking.
Measurements
Volume II addresses the comparison between prediction and measurement. The introductory chapter establishes criteria for the selection of reported sound speed measurements, defines consistency between prediction and measurement, and discusses uncertainty issues related to the most widely used experimental methods for measuring the sound speed. The remainder of the volume comprises reviews of sound speed measurements taken from the literature, all of which met the selection criteria, with emphasis upon consistency, uncertainty, and the evaluation of thermophysical properties from acoustical properties derived from the measurement. A few examples of sound speed measurements traversing the critical point make up the final chapter of the volume.
Speed of Sound in Air
Volume III is dedicated to die speed of sound in air, a gas mixture that will serve as a model for predicting the speed of sound in other gas mixtures. The underlying principles for predicting the sound speed of individual gases generally apply to gas mixtures, but the property data for individual gases are adequate to determine only some properties of the mixture, like specific heat ratio and molar mass, but inadequate to determine others, like compressibility and relaxation. In the latter cases interaction terms are needed, which generally are of limited availability and then over only a limited range. Further, relaxation in air is based on an ad hoc theory that has not been applied, to the author's knowledge, to other gas mixtures; in most cases the treatment of Chapter 5 will serve as an alternative. This volume contains theory, measurements, and sound speed tables for air over wide ranges of temperature, pressure, humidity, and frequency. It can be read as a "stand-alone" volume, for die reader will find the necessary formulas and gas data without having to refer to the previous volumes. The closing chapter is a historical survey of the speed of sound in air by George S. K. Wong.
Contents
Vol. 1 :
- Introduction
- Molar Masses and Their Uncertainties
- The Specific Heat Correction
- The Virial Correction
- The Relaxation Correction
- Estimate of the Uncertainty
- Experimental Design of Sound Speed Measurement
Vol 2 :
- Introduction to Sound Measurements in Gases
- Measurements in Monatomic Gases
- Measurements in Diatomic Gases
- Measurements in Triatomic Gases
- Measurements in Halocarbons
- Measurements in Polyatomic Gases of Small Molecules (Four to Six Atoms)
- Measurements in Polyatomic Gases of Large Molecules (More than Six Atoms)
- Speed of Sound in the Critical Region
Vol. 3 :
- Speed of Sound in Air
- Air Sound Speed Measurements and Computation : A Historical Review by Georges S. K. Wong
Caractéristiques techniques
| PAPIER | |
| Éditeur(s) | Academic Press |
| Auteur(s) | Allan J. Zuckerwar |
| Parution | 12/11/2002 |
| Nb. de pages | 1178 |
| Format | 16,2 x 24,5 |
| Couverture | Relié |
| Poids | 2300g |
| Intérieur | Noir et Blanc |
| EAN13 | 9780127825106 |
| ISBN13 | 978-0-12-782510-6 |
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