Revue économique N.65/4
Journées De Microéconomie Appliquée 2013
Revue Economique - Collection Revue economique
180 pages, parution le 10/07/2014
Résumé
ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS: CAN THE MARKET SUCCEED IN RECONCILING INCENTIVES AND PARTICIPATION?
This article proposes a perspective on international climate agreements, based on mechanism design. We exhibit a trade-off between incentives and participation. We derive a general condition under which the first-best allocation can be implemented. We then discuss how this condition is affected by the assumptions on the status quo, in particular whether a non-cooperative or a grandfathering solution prevails when the negotiation fails. We show that, when the feasibility condition is satisfied, a market-based solution can indeed implement the first best allocation.
At last, when the condition does not hold, we characterize the main properties of the second-best solution.
CONGESTION EFFECTS ON ENDOGENOUS JURISDICTIONS FORMATION MODELS This paper analyses the segregative properties of local public goods production. Households living at the localization form a municipality, that will produce a local public good, financed through a proportional income tax. The tax rate is determined by the majority voting rule. Households may leave their municipality for another one that would increase their utility. Starting from Gravel and Thoron's results, we examine the effects of congestion on urban segregation, that do not modify the necessary and sufficient condition to have every stable jurisdiction structure segregated, at least if congestion effects are not too strong, even though it seems to increase the segregative properties of endogenous jurisdictions formation.
IS ONE DEMAND FUNCTION ENOUGH?
AN INQUIRY INTO PREFERENCE STABILITY USING DISCRETE MIXTURES OF NEURAL NETWORKS We introduce a new test of preference stability across consumers, based on a discrete mixture model of feedforward neural networks, designed to detect clusters of consumers following distinct consumption functions. The procedure is tested on simulated data and applied to two sets of Canadian household consumption microdata (1969-1986 and 2004-2008). On both these datasets we find that two clusters best explain the data, thus rejecting preference stability. Finally we address elasticity estimation, and find on simulated data that for most practical uses simple demand systems suffice.
INTRAHOUSEHOLD SHOCK COPING STRATEGY:
THE LABOR SUPPLY OF SPOUSES IN RESPONSE TO PLANT CLOSURES IN ARGENTINA Insurance is one of the important economic functions of marriage. In an intrahousehold strategic perspective, this article sheds a new light on the labor supply of married women. The household life cycle model under uncertainty predicts that a shock on a breadwinner's earnings has a positive impact on his spouse's labor supply. This article relies on plant closure information to test for the added worker effect in Argentina using a difference-in-difference matching estimator. Strategic motives account for 12.5% of the overall increase in female labor market participation. A woman is 13 percentage points more likely to enter the labor market if her husband looses his job unexpectedly. Participation at the intensive margin is unchanged.A NEW ESTIMATION OF THE SIZE OF INFORMAL ECONOMY USING MONETARY AND FULL EXPENDITURES IN A COMPLETE DEMAND SYSTEM We use the demand system approach to estimate the size of informal economy in Turkey following the methodology based on the analysis of the individual consumption behaviour proposed by Pissarides, Weber [1989], Lyssiotou et al[2004] and Fortin et al. [2009]. We extend this method by taking into account both the monetary expenditures and time spent on domestic activities. The necessary information of money and time inputs in consumption on the household's level is obtained by a statistical match of the Turkish Family Budget and Time Use surveys [2006]. As expected, the estimated model size of the informal economy in Turkey using the full (time plus money) expenditure is higher than those obtained by only monetary expenditure approach (in average 40.6% and 33.5% of gdp for self employers and 20.7% and 14.1% of gdp for wage-earners respectively) and also higher than that obtained by more conventional macroeconomic methods (35.1%).
URBAN ECONOMICS AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN REGARD TO CLIMATE: EFFECTS ON HEDONICS PRICES AND URBAN SPRAWL We present a theoretical model in which, (i) households consume a climatic amenity, (ii) warmer climates increase an outdoor way of life (barbecue effect) and (iii) where commuting costs depend on climate (glare ice effect). We derive theoretical predictions on land rent gradients and urban sprawl. They are tested by econometric models that take into account a selection bias and endogenous variables using individual data from housing surveys. First, we estimate hedonic prices of climatic variables, second we show that were temperature is warmer urban areas are more sprawled and land rent gradients flatter. Therefore, in the French case, urban sprawl and warming reinforce each other, in an environmental vicious circle.REDUCED ACTIVITY OF JOB SEEKERS: WHICH IMPACT ON RETURN TO EMPLOYMENT AND ITS QUALITY?
In France, since 1998, between 25% and a third of registered unemployed people work (ie. having a reduced activity) while being on the job search. We estimate the impact of this reduced activity on the return to employment and its quality. This study has been done using orginal data sets resulting of matched administrative data on unemployment registrations and employment data. Dynamic matching technics implemented in this article, allow to isolate a positive effect of reduced activity on the rate of employment return at 12 months (about 10 points) whatever the timing of entry in the reduced activity. Quality of employment, measured by wages and number of hours worked, is not significantly better after reduced activity.
This article proposes a perspective on international climate agreements, based on mechanism design. We exhibit a trade-off between incentives and participation. We derive a general condition under which the first-best allocation can be implemented. We then discuss how this condition is affected by the assumptions on the status quo, in particular whether a non-cooperative or a grandfathering solution prevails when the negotiation fails. We show that, when the feasibility condition is satisfied, a market-based solution can indeed implement the first best allocation.
At last, when the condition does not hold, we characterize the main properties of the second-best solution.
CONGESTION EFFECTS ON ENDOGENOUS JURISDICTIONS FORMATION MODELS This paper analyses the segregative properties of local public goods production. Households living at the localization form a municipality, that will produce a local public good, financed through a proportional income tax. The tax rate is determined by the majority voting rule. Households may leave their municipality for another one that would increase their utility. Starting from Gravel and Thoron's results, we examine the effects of congestion on urban segregation, that do not modify the necessary and sufficient condition to have every stable jurisdiction structure segregated, at least if congestion effects are not too strong, even though it seems to increase the segregative properties of endogenous jurisdictions formation.
IS ONE DEMAND FUNCTION ENOUGH?
AN INQUIRY INTO PREFERENCE STABILITY USING DISCRETE MIXTURES OF NEURAL NETWORKS We introduce a new test of preference stability across consumers, based on a discrete mixture model of feedforward neural networks, designed to detect clusters of consumers following distinct consumption functions. The procedure is tested on simulated data and applied to two sets of Canadian household consumption microdata (1969-1986 and 2004-2008). On both these datasets we find that two clusters best explain the data, thus rejecting preference stability. Finally we address elasticity estimation, and find on simulated data that for most practical uses simple demand systems suffice.
INTRAHOUSEHOLD SHOCK COPING STRATEGY:
THE LABOR SUPPLY OF SPOUSES IN RESPONSE TO PLANT CLOSURES IN ARGENTINA Insurance is one of the important economic functions of marriage. In an intrahousehold strategic perspective, this article sheds a new light on the labor supply of married women. The household life cycle model under uncertainty predicts that a shock on a breadwinner's earnings has a positive impact on his spouse's labor supply. This article relies on plant closure information to test for the added worker effect in Argentina using a difference-in-difference matching estimator. Strategic motives account for 12.5% of the overall increase in female labor market participation. A woman is 13 percentage points more likely to enter the labor market if her husband looses his job unexpectedly. Participation at the intensive margin is unchanged.A NEW ESTIMATION OF THE SIZE OF INFORMAL ECONOMY USING MONETARY AND FULL EXPENDITURES IN A COMPLETE DEMAND SYSTEM We use the demand system approach to estimate the size of informal economy in Turkey following the methodology based on the analysis of the individual consumption behaviour proposed by Pissarides, Weber [1989], Lyssiotou et al[2004] and Fortin et al. [2009]. We extend this method by taking into account both the monetary expenditures and time spent on domestic activities. The necessary information of money and time inputs in consumption on the household's level is obtained by a statistical match of the Turkish Family Budget and Time Use surveys [2006]. As expected, the estimated model size of the informal economy in Turkey using the full (time plus money) expenditure is higher than those obtained by only monetary expenditure approach (in average 40.6% and 33.5% of gdp for self employers and 20.7% and 14.1% of gdp for wage-earners respectively) and also higher than that obtained by more conventional macroeconomic methods (35.1%).
URBAN ECONOMICS AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN REGARD TO CLIMATE: EFFECTS ON HEDONICS PRICES AND URBAN SPRAWL We present a theoretical model in which, (i) households consume a climatic amenity, (ii) warmer climates increase an outdoor way of life (barbecue effect) and (iii) where commuting costs depend on climate (glare ice effect). We derive theoretical predictions on land rent gradients and urban sprawl. They are tested by econometric models that take into account a selection bias and endogenous variables using individual data from housing surveys. First, we estimate hedonic prices of climatic variables, second we show that were temperature is warmer urban areas are more sprawled and land rent gradients flatter. Therefore, in the French case, urban sprawl and warming reinforce each other, in an environmental vicious circle.REDUCED ACTIVITY OF JOB SEEKERS: WHICH IMPACT ON RETURN TO EMPLOYMENT AND ITS QUALITY?
In France, since 1998, between 25% and a third of registered unemployed people work (ie. having a reduced activity) while being on the job search. We estimate the impact of this reduced activity on the return to employment and its quality. This study has been done using orginal data sets resulting of matched administrative data on unemployment registrations and employment data. Dynamic matching technics implemented in this article, allow to isolate a positive effect of reduced activity on the rate of employment return at 12 months (about 10 points) whatever the timing of entry in the reduced activity. Quality of employment, measured by wages and number of hours worked, is not significantly better after reduced activity.
Caractéristiques techniques
| PAPIER | |
| Éditeur(s) | Presses de Sciences Po |
| Auteur(s) | Revue Economique |
| Collection | Revue economique |
| Parution | 10/07/2014 |
| Nb. de pages | 180 |
| Poids | 300g |
| EAN13 | 9782724633658 |
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