Advanced Programming for the Java 2 Platform

Experienced developers know how fast moving and comprehensive the Java™ platform is. A good deal of know-how is required to fully exploit the wealth of functionality provided by its many application programming interfaces (APIs). Advanced programmers now have a new resource.
Advanced Programming for the Java™ 2 Platform uses all the best APIs to construct an advanced business application. It will efficiently guide you through the maze of Java APIs, while providing coverage of some key elements in developing advanced applications, such as:

• Enterprise JavaBeans™ technology
• Security and permissions
• Data and transaction management
• Performance tuning
• Debugging
• Distributed computing
• Database access
• Servlets
• Project Swing
• Native methods

In this practical, hands-on guide, the authors create an auction application to provide an in-depth look at the development, testing, and deployment of an enterprise-worthy application. They explore many common situations, leaving you with the knowledge you need to design, build, debug, and deploy your own solutions with the Java platform. After reading Advanced Programming for the Java™ 2 Platform you'll be able to create advanced applications faster than ever before.

The accompanying CD contains all the source code referenced in the book, the text of the book itself in html, and a Linux version of the J2SE SDK 1.2.2 and 1.3 beta update.

Table of Contents

Preface xv

Chapter 1 Matching Project Requirements with Technology 1

Project Requirements 2

Interview User Base 2

Auction House Requirements 2

User Requirements 2

Model the Project 2

Activity Diagram 5

Choosing the Software 5

Duke's Auction Demonstration 7

Home Page 7

Registration Page 8

New Auction Items Today 8

Items Closing Today 9

All Items 9

Search for Items 10

Sell Item 10

Chapter 2 Auction House Application 11

A Multitiered Application with Enterprise Beans 12

Thin-Client Programs and Multitiered Architecture 12

Entity and Session Bean Differences 14

Auction House Workings 15

Developing and Running Applications 16

How Multitiered Applications Work 16

How Enterprise Beans Are Used in the Example 17

AuctionServlet 18

Entity Bean Classes 19

AuctionItem Entity Bean 19

Auction Items Table 21

Registration Entity Bean 22

Registration Table 22

Session Bean Classes 22

Bidder Session Bean 23

Seller Session Bean 24

Container Classes 24

Examining a Container-Managed Bean 24

Member Variables 24

Create Method 25

Entity Context Methods 25

Load Method 26

Store Method 26

Connection Pooling 26

Deployment Descriptor 26

XML Deployment Descriptor 27

Container-Managed Finder Methods 27

Finder-Based Search 28

AuctionServlet.searchItems 29

BidderBean.getMatchingItemsList 29

AuctionItemHome.findAllMatchingItems 30

AuctionItemBean Deployment Descriptor 30

AuctionItemBean 30

BidderBean 33

Chapter 3 Data and Transaction Management 37

Bean-Managed Persistence and the JDBC Platform 38

Connect to Database 38

Create Method 38

Load Method 39

Refresh Method 39

Store Method 40

Find Method 41

Managing Transactions 41

Why Manage Transactions? 42

Session Synchronization 42

Container-Managed Example 43

Session Synchronization Code 43

Transaction Commit Mode 45

Bean-Managed Finder Methods 49

AuctionServlet.searchItems 50

SearchBean 52

Database Connection 52

Get Matching Items List 52

Create Method 53

SearchBean

Chapter 4 Distributed Computing 57

Lookup Services 58

Java Naming and Directory Interface 59

CORBA Naming Service 60

Interoperable Object References 63

RMI Lookup Service 64

RMI over Internet Inter-ORB Protocol 65

Improving Lookup Performance 66

RMI Registration Server 67

About RMI 67

RMI in the Auction Application 68

Establishing Remote Communications 72

RegistrationServer Class 74

Registration Interface 79

RegistrationHome Interface 79

ReturnResults Interface 80

SellerBean Class 80

Common Object Request Broker Architecture 83

IDL Mapping Scheme 83

Quick Reference 83

Other IDL Keywords and Types 87

CORBA in the Auction Application 89

Object Request Broker 92

Helper and Holder Classes 95

Garbage Collection 95

CORBA Callbacks 96

Using the Any Type 99

In Conclusion 103

JDBC Technology 103

JDBC Drivers 103

Database Connections 105

Statements 105

Caching Database Results 107

Result Sets 108

Scrolling Result Sets 108

Controlling Transactions 114

Escaping Characters 116

Mapping Database Types 117

Mapping Date Types 118

Servlets 118

HttpServlet 119

The init Method 119

The destroy Method 120

The service Method 120

HTTP Requests 122

Using Cookies in Servlets 122

HTTP Error Codes 126

Reading GET and POST Values 127

Threading 132

HTTPS 132

Chapter 5 JNI Technology 135

JNI Example 136

About the Example 136

Generate the Header File 137

Method Signature 137

Implement the native Method 138

Compile the Dynamic or Shared Object Library 139

Run the Example 140

Strings and Arrays 140

Passing Strings 140

Passing Arrays 141

Pinning Array 143

Object Arrays 144

Multidimensional Arrays 145

Other Programming Issues 148

Language Issues 148

Calling Methods 149

Accessing Fields 153

Threads and Synchronization 154

Memory Issues 155

Invocation 156

Attaching Threads 157

Chapter 6 Project Swing: Building a User Interface 159

Components and Data Models 160

Lightweight Components 160

Ordering Components 161

Specialized Event Handling 180

Project Swing Directions 180

Printing API 181

What Is in the Package? 181

Printing an AWT Component 182

Printing a Project Swing Component 183

Printing Graphics in Project Swing 184

Print Dialog 184

Page Setup Dialog 186

Printing a Collection of Pages 187

Advanced Printing 188

Multiple Components per Page 188

Components Larger Than One Page 189

Printing a JTable Component 191

Print a Sales Report 192

AuctionClient 193

Report 202

SalesReport 204

Chapter 7 Debugging Applets, Applications, and Servlets 209

In a Rush? 210

Collecting Evidence 210

Installation and Environment 210

Class Path 211

Class Loading 212

Including Debug Code 213

Turning Debug Information on at Run Time 213

Creating Debug and Production Releases at Run Time 214

Using Diagnostic Methods 214

Adding Debug Information 215

Running Tests and Analyzing 216

Getting Behind the Seat with jdb 216

Simple jdb Test Drive 216

Remote Debugging 222

Using Auto-Pilot 224

Creating a Session Log 225

Servlet Debugging 226

Running servletrunner in Debug Mode 226

Running Java Web Server in Debug Mode 227

Abstract Window Toolkit Debugging 229

Using AWTEventListener 230

Analyzing Stack Traces 231

Sending a Signal to the Java VM 231

The Java VM Generates a Stack Trace 232

Core Files 232

Using Debugging Tools or API Calls 232

Which Release Generated the Stack Trace? 232

Which Platform Generated the Stack Trace? 233

Which Thread Package Was Used? 233

What Are the Thread States? 233

Examining Monitors 234

Putting the Steps into Practice 237

Expert's Checklist 240

Stack Trace Examples 240

Version Issues 244

JDK 1.0.2 Deployment 244

JDK 1.1 Deployment 244

Java 2 Platform Deployment 245

Netscape Deployment 245

Internet Explorer Deployment 246

Chapter 8 Performance Techniques 247

Improving Applet Download Speed 247

Packaging Images into One Class 248

Using JAR Files 249

Thread Pooling 250

Connection Pooling 252

Wrapper Classes 253

Deadlocks and Hangs 258

Closing Connections 259

Example Application 259

Performance Features and Tools 263

Java Virtual Machine Features 263

Just-In-Time Compilers 267

Third-Party Tools 269

Performance Analysis 269

Profiling 269

Analyze a Program 270

Operating System Performance Tools 275

Caching Client/Server Applications 277

Caching One Object 277

Caching Many Objects 279

Pool 282

Worker 285

HttpServerWorker 285

HttpServer 286

Chapter 9 Deploying the Auction Application 289

JAR File Format 290

Bundle and Deploy the HTML Files 290

Bundle and Deploy the Enterprise Beans 291

Bundle and Deploy the Applet Program 294

Deploy to Solaris Operating System 295

Get Downloads 295

Extract Downloaded Files 296

Install Java Plug-In 296

Install Java Plug-In Patches 296

Install Netscape Communicator 297

Check the Installation 297

Install the HTML Converter 298

Security Policy File 298

Run the Administration Applet 299

Deploy to Win32 Platform 300

Get Downloads 300

Install JRE with Java Plug-In 301

Install the HTML Converter 301

Security Policy File 301

Run the Administration Applet 302

How Does It Work? 303

Chapter 10 Signed Applets and Security Managers 305

Signed Applets 305

Signed Applet Example 306

SignedAppletDemo 306

Policy File 307

HTML file 307

How It Works 307

Intranet Developer 308

End User 309

Running an Application with a Policy File 311

Signed Applets in JDK 1.1 311

Writing a Security Manager 311

The FileIO Program 311

The PasswordSecurityManager Class 314

Reference Information 317

Appendix A: Security and Permissions 319

Overview 320
Knowing Which Permissions 321
AllPermission 321
AWTPermission 322
FilePermission 323
NetPermission 324
PropertyPermission 324
ReflectPermission 325
RuntimePermission 325
SecurityPermission 328
SerializablePermission 332
SocketPermission 332

Appendix B: Classes, Methods, and Permissions 335

java.awt.Graphics2D 337
java.awt.Toolkit 337
java.awt.Window 337
java.beans.Beans 338
java.beans.Introspector 338
java.beans.PropertyEditorManager 338
java.io.File 338
java.io.FileInputStream 339
java.io.FileOutputStream 339
java.io.ObjectInputStream 339
java.io.ObjectOutputStream 339
java.io.RandomAccessFile 339
java.lang.Class 340
java.lang.ClassLoader 341
java.lang.Runtime 341
java.lang.SecurityManager 342
java.lang.System 342
java.lang.Thread 342
java.lang.ThreadGroup 344
java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject 344
java.net.Authenticator 344
java.net.DatagramSocket 345
java.net.HttpURLConnection 345
java.net.InetAddress 346
java.net.MulticastSocket 346
java.net.ServerSocket 346
java.net.Socket 347
java.net.URL 347
java.net.URLConnection 347
java.net.URLClassLoader 347
java.rmi.activation.ActivationGroup 347
java.rmi.server.RMISocketFactory 348
java.security.Identity 348
java.security.IdentityScope 348
java.security.Permission 348
java.security.Policy 348
java.security.Provider 348
java.security.SecureClassLoader 349
java.security.Security 349
java.security.Signer 349
java.util.Locale 349
java.util.zip.ZipFile 349

Appendix C: Security Manager Methods 351

Appendix D: API Reference 355

ActionListener Interface 355
WindowListener Interface 355
Graphics Class 356
Graphics2D class 356
Book Class 356
PageFormat Class 356
Printable Interface 356
PrinterJob Class 357
Toolkit Class 357
ByteArrayOutputStream Class 357
DataOutputStream Class 357
Double Class 357
SecurityManager Class 357
System Class 358
Naming Class 358
RMISocketFactory Class 358
CallableStatement Interface 358
Connection Interface 358
DatabaseMetaData Interface 359
DriverManager Class 359
PreparedStatement Interface 359
ResultSet Interface 359
Statement Interface 360
ArrayList Class 360
Calendar Class 360
Date Class 360
Enumeration Interface 361
HashMap Class 361
Iterator Interface 361
LinkedList Class 361
List Class 361
EntityBean Interface 361
SessionBean Interface 362
UserTransaction Interface 362
RemoteObject Class 362
Cookie Class 362
HttpServlet Class 362
HttpServletRequest Interface 363
HttpServletResponse Interface 363
ServletConfig Interface 363
ServletRequest Interface 363
ServletResponse Interface 363
Box Class 363
DefaultCellEditor Class 364
JButton Class 364
JComponent Class 364
JFrame Class 364
JLabel Class 364
JScrollPane Class 364
JTable Class 364
JTree Class 365
JViewPort Class 365
ListSelectionModel Interface 365
SwingUtilities Class 365
DefaultTableCellRenderer Class 365
DefaultTableModel Class 366
TableColumn Class 366
TableColumnModel Interface 366
DefaultMutableTreeNode Class 366
TreePath Class 366
Any Class 366
IntHolder Class 366
ORB Class 367
NameComponent Class 367
NamingContext Interface 367
JNI C methods 367

Index 369