Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition

Java? 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Specification, version 1.2 This specification defines the initial release of the J2EE platform. It discusses application architecture using Java? Servlets, JavaServer Pages?, Enterprise JavaBeans?, and other technologies. It specifies application access to services such as JDBC?, Java Transaction API, JavaMail?, CORBA connectivity, and others. It also discusses J2EE policies regarding application deployment and security.

Enterprise JavaBeans? Specification, version 1.1 Enterprise JavaBeans technology provides the standard middle-tier components in the J2EE model. This technology provides simplified support for transaction management and remote object access, and it frees enterprise developers to focus on the business logic of their applications. Version 1.1 of the specification includes a number of enhancements, including mandatory entity beans and XML deployment descriptors.

Java? Servlet Specification, version 2.2 Java Servlets technology defines a standard for developing server-side behaviors in web applications based on the Java programming language. As part of the J2EE specifications, servlets technology supports development of dynamic web content for e-commerce and other enterprise applications.

JavaServer Pages? Specification, version 1.2 The JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology simplifies the development and deployment of interactive web applications. Using an extensible markup language based on HTML and the Java programming language, JSP defines a server-side mechanism to allow content experts greater freedom in creating and displaying dynamic web content.

Developed with the input of a wide range of industry experts, these specifications define a new standard for resolving many complex issues related to developing, deploying, and managing multi-tier enterprise applications.

Table of contents

Foreword

Java? 2 Platform Enterprise Edition Specification, v1.2

J2EE.1 Introduction

Acknowledgments

J2EE.2 Platform Overview

J2EE.2.1 Architecture

J2EE.2.2 Product Requirements

J2EE.2.3 Product Extensions

J2EE.2.4 Platform Roles

J2EE.2.5 Platform Contracts

J2EE.3 Security

J2EE.3.1 Introduction

J2EE.3.2 A Simple Example

J2EE.3.3 Security Architecture

J2EE.3.4 User Authentication Requirements

J2EE.3.5 Authorization Requirements

J2EE.3.6 Deployment Requirements

J2EE.3.7 Future Directions

J2EE.4 Transaction Management

J2EE.4.1 Overview

J2EE.4.2 Requirements

J2EE.4.3 Transaction Interoperability

J2EE.4.4 System Administration Tools

J2EE.5 Naming

J2EE.5.1 Overview

J2EE.5.2 Java Naming and Directory Interface? (JNDI) Naming Context

J2EE.5.3 Enterprise JavaBeans? (EJB) References

J2EE.5.4 Resource Factory References

J2EE.5.5 UserTransaction References

J2EE.6 Application Programming Interface

J2EE.6.1 Required APIs

J2EE.6.2 Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) Requirements

J2EE.6.3 JDBC? 2.0 Standard Extension Requirements

J2EE.6.4 RMI-IIOP 1.0 Requirements

J2EE.6.5 Enterprise JavaBeans? (EJB) 1.1 Requirements

J2EE.6.6 Servlet 2.2 Requirements

J2EE.6.7 JavaServer Pages? (JSP) 1.1 Requirements

J2EE.6.8 Java? Message Service (JMS) 1.0 Requirements

J2EE.6.9 Java Naming and Directory Interface? (JNDI) 1.2 Requirements

J2EE.6.10 Java? Transaction API (JTA) 1.0 Requirements

J2EE.6.11 JavaMail? 1.1 Requirements

J2EE.6.12 JavaBeans? Activation Framework 1.0 Requirements

J2EE.7 Interoperability

J2EE.7.1 Introduction to Interoperability

J2EE.7.2 Interoperability Protocols

J2EE.8 Application Assembly and Deployment

J2EE.8.1 Application Development Life Cycle

J2EE.8.2 Application Assembly

J2EE.8.3 Deployment

J2EE.8.4 J2EE:application XML DTD

J2EE.9 Application Clients

J2EE.9.1 Overview

J2EE.9.2 Security

J2EE.9.3 Transactions

J2EE.9.4 Naming

J2EE.9.5 Application Programming Interfaces

J2EE.9.6 Packaging and Deployment

J2EE.9.7 J2EE: application-client XML DTD

J2EE.10 Service Provider Interface

J2EE.11 Future Directions

J2EE.11.1 Java? Message Service API

J2EE.11.2 Enterprise JavaBeans? (EJB)/IIOP Protocol

J2EE.11.3 J2EE SPI

J2EE.11.4 Connectors

J2EE.11.5 XML APIs

J2EE.11.6 JDBC RowSets

J2EE.11.7 Security APIs

J2EE.11.8 Deployment APIs

J2EE.11.9 Management APIs

J2EE.11.10 SQLJ Part 0

J2EE.A Revision History

J2EE.A.1 Changes Since Public Draft

J2EE.A.2 Changes Since Public Release 1

J2EE.A.3 Changes Since Public Release 2

J2EE.B Related Documents

Java? Servlet Specification, v2.2 (SRV)

Preface

SRV.P.1 Who Should Read This Specification

SRV.P.2 API Reference

SRV.P.3 Other Java? Platform Specifications

SRV.P.4 Other Important References

SRV.P.5 Providing Feedback

SRV.P.6 Acknowledgments

SRV.1 Overview

SRV.1.1 What Is a Servlet?

SRV.1.2 What Is a Servlet Container?

SRV.1.3 An Example

SRV.1.4 Comparing Servlets with Other Technologies

SRV.1.5 Relationship to Java 2 Enterprise Edition

SRV.1.6 Distributable Servlet Containers

SRV.1.7 Changes Since Version 2.1

SRV.2 Terms Used

SRV.2.1 Basic Terms

SRV.2.2 Roles

SRV.2.3 Security Terms

SRV.3 The Servlet Interface

SRV.3.1 Request Handling Methods

SRV.3.2 Number of Instances

SRV.3.3 Servlet Life Cycle

SRV.4 Servlet Context

SRV.4.1 Scope of a ServletContext

SRV.4.2 Initialization Parameters

SRV.4.3 Context Attributes

SRV.4.4 Resources

SRV.4.5 Multiple Hosts and Servlet Contexts

SRV.4.6 Reloading Considerations

SRV.4.7 Temporary Working Directories

SRV.5 The Request

SRV.5.1 Parameters

SRV.5.2 Attributes

SRV.5.3 Headers

SRV.5.4 Request Path Elements

SRV.5.5 Path Translation Methods

RV.5.6 Cookies

SRV.5.7 SSL Attributes

SRV.5.8 Internationalization

SRV.6 The Response

SRV.6.1 Buffering

SRV.6.2 Headers

SRV.6.3 Convenience Methods

SRV.6.4 Internationalization

SRV.6.5 Closure of Response Object

SRV.7 Sessions

SRV.7.1 Session Tracking Mechanisms

SRV.7.2 Creating a Session

SRV.7.3 Session Scope

SRV.7.4 Binding Attributes into a Session

SRV.7.5 Session Timeouts

SRV.7.6 Last Accessed Times

SRV.7.7 Important Session Semantics

SRV.8 Dispatching Requests

SRV.8.1 Obtaining a RequestDispatcher

SRV.8.2 Using a Request Dispatcher

SRV.8.3 include

SRV.8.4 forward vSRV.8.5 Error Handling

SRV.9 Web Applications

SRV.9.1 Relationship to ServletContext

SRV.9.2 Elements of a Web Application

SRV.9.3 Distinction Between Representations

SRV.9.4 Directory Structure

SRV 9.5 Web Application Archive File

SRV.9.6 Web Application Configuration Descriptor

SRV.9.7 Replacing a Web Application

SRV.9.8 Error Handling

SRV.9.9 Web Application Environment

SRV.10 Mapping Requests to Servlets

SRV.10.1 Use of URL Paths

SRV.10.2 Specification of Mappings

SRV.11 Security

SRV.11.1 Introduction

SRV.11.2 Declarative Security

SRV.11.3 Programmatic Security

SRV.11.4 Roles

SRV.11.5 Authentication

SRV.11.6 Server Tracking of Authentication Information

SRV.11.7 Specifying Security Constraints

SRV.12 Application Programming Interface

SRV.12.1 Package javax.servlet

SRV.12.2 Package javax.servlet.http

SRV.13 Deployment Descriptor

SRV.13.1 Deployment Descriptor Elements

SRV.13.2 DTD

SRV.13.3 Examples

SRV.14 Futures

JavaServer Pages? Specification, v1.1 (JSP)

Preface

JSP.P.1 Who Should Read This Document

JSP.P.2 Related Documents

JSP.P.3 Acknowledgments

JSP.1 Overview

JSP.1.1 The JavaServer Pages? Technology

JSP.1.2 What Is a JSP Page?

JSP.1.3 Features in JSP 1.1

JSP.1.4 Overview of JSP Page Semantics

JSP.1.5 Web Applications

JSP.1.6 Application Model

JSP.2 Standard Syntax and Semantics

JSP.2.1 General Syntax Rules

JSP.2.2 Error Handling

JSP.2.3 Comments

JSP.2.4 Quoting and Escape Conventions

JSP.2.5 Overview of Semantics

JSP.2.6 Template Text Semantics

JSP.2.7 Directives

JSP.2.8 Implicit Objects

JSP.2.9 The PageContext Object

JSP.2.10 Scripting Elements

JSP.2.11 Actions

JSP.2.12 Tag Attribute Interpretation Semantics

JSP.2.13 Standard Actions

JSP.3 The JSP Container

JSP.3.1 The JSP Page Model

JSP.3.2 JSP Page Implementation Class

JSP.3.3 Buffering

JSP.3.4 Precompilation

JSP.4 Scripting

JSP.4.1 Overall Structure

JSP.4.2 Declarations Section

JSP.4.3 Initialization Section

JSP.4.4 Main Section

JSP.5 Tag Extensions

JSP.5.1 Introduction

JSP.5.2 Tag Library

JSP.5.3 Tag Library Descriptor

JSP.5.4 Tag Handlers

JSP.5.5 Scripting Variables

JSP.5.6 Cooperating Actions

JSP.5.7 Validation

JSP.5.8 Conventions and Other Issues

JSP.6 JSP Technology Classes

JSP.6.1 Package javax.servlet.jsp

JSP.6.2 Package javax.servlet.jsp.tagext

JSP.7 JSP Pages as XML Documents

JSP.7.1 Why an XML Representation

JSP.7.2 Document Type

JSP.7.3 Directives

JSP.7.4 Scripting Elements

JSP.7.5 Actions

JSP.7.6 Transforming a JSP Page into an XML Document

JSP.7.7 DTD for the XML Document

JSP.A Examples

JSP.A.1 Simple Examples

JSP.A.2 A Set of SQL Tags

JSP.B Implementation Notes

JSP.B.1 Delivering Localized Content

JSP.B.2 Processing TagLib Directives

JSP.B.3 Processing Tag Libraries

JSP.B.4 Implementing Buffering

JSP.C Packaging JSP Pages

JSP.C.1 A Very Simple JSP Page

JSP.C.2 The JSP Page Packaged as Source in a WAR File

JSP.C.3 The Servlet for the Compiled JSP Page

JSP.C.4 The Web Application Descriptor

JSP.C.5 The WAR for the Compiled JSP Page

JSP.D Future

JSP.D.1 Meta-Tag Information

JSP.D.2 Standard Tags

JSP.D.3 Additional Application Support

JSP.D.4 JSP, XML, and XSL Technologies

JSP.E Changes

JSP.E.1 Changes Between 1.1 PR2 and 1.1 Final

JSP.E.2 Changes Between 1.1 PR1 and PR2

JSP.E.3 Changes Between 1.1 PD1 and PR1

JSP.E.4 Changes Between 1.0 and 1.1 PD1

Enterprise JavaBeans? Specification, v1.1 (EJB)

EJB.1 Introduction

EJB.1.1 Target Audience

EJB.1.2 What Is New in EJB 1.1

EJB.1.3 Application Compatibility and Interoperability

EJB.1.4 Acknowledgments

EJB.1.5 Organization

EJB.1.6 Document Conventions

EJB.2 Goals

EJB.2.1 Overall Goals

EJB.2.2 Goals for Release 1.0

EJB.2.3 Goals for Release 1.1

EJB.3 EJB Architecture Roles and Scenarios

EJB.3.1 EJB Architecture Roles

EJB.3.2 Scenario: Development, Assembly, and Deployment

EJB.4 Overview

EJB.4.1 Enterprise Beans as Components

EJB.4.2 Enterprise JavaBeans Architecture Contracts

EJB.4.3 Session and Entity Objects

EJB.4.4 Standard Mapping to CORBA Protocols

EJB.5 Client View of a Session Bean

EJB.5.1 Overview

EJB.5.2 EJB Container

EJB.5.3 Home Interface

EJB.5.4 EJBObject

EJB.5.5 Session Object Identity

EJB.5.6 Client View of Session Object's Life Cycle

EJB.5.7 Creating and Using a Session Object

EJB.5.8 Object Identity

EJB.5.9 Type Narrowing

EJB.6 Session Bean Component Contract

EJB.6.1 Overview

EJB.6.2 Goals

EJB.6.3 A Container's Management of Its Working Set

EJB.6.4 Conversational State

EJB.6.5 Protocol Between a Session Bean Instance and Its Container

EJB.6.6 Stateful Session Bean State Diagram

EJB.6.7 Object Interaction Diagrams for a Stateful Session Bean

EJB.6.8 Stateless Session Beans

EJB.6.9 Object Interaction Diagrams for a Stateless Session Bean

EJB.6.10 The Responsibilities of the Bean Provider

EJB.6.11 The Responsibilities of the Container Provider

EJB.7 Example Session Scenario

EJB.7.1 Overview

EJB.7.2 Inheritance Relationship

EJB.8 Client View of an Entity

EJB.8.1 Overview

EJB.8.2 EJB Container

EJB.8.3 Entity Bean's Home Interface

EJB.8.4 Entity Object's Life Cycle

EJB.8.5 Primary Key and Object Identity

EJB.8.6 Entity Bean's Remote Interface

EJB.8.7 Entity Bean's Handle

EJB.8.8 Entity Home Handles

EJB.8.9 Type Narrowing of Object References

EJB.9 Entity Bean Component Contract

EJB.9.1 Concepts

EJB.9.2 Responsibilities of the Enterprise Bean Provider

EJB.9.3 The Responsibilities of the Container Provider

EJB.9.4 Entity Beans with Container-Managed Persistence

EJB.9.5 Object Interaction Diagrams

EJB.10 Example Entity Scenario

EJB.10.1 Overview

EJB.10.2 Inheritance Relationship (Figure EBJ.10-1)

EJB.11 Support for Transactions

EJB.11.1 Overview

EJB.11.2 Sample Scenarios

EJB.11.3 Bean Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.11.4 Application Assembler's Responsibilities

EJB.11.5 Deployer's Responsibilities

EJB.11.6 Container Provider Responsibilities

EJB.11.7 Access from Multiple Clients in the Same Transaction Context

EJB.12 Exception Handling

EJB.12.1 Overview and Concepts

EJB.12.2 Bean Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.12.3 Container Provider Responsibilities

EJB.12.4 Client's View of Exceptions

EJB.12.5 System Administrator's Responsibilities

EJB.12.6 Differences from EJB 1.0

EJB.13 Support for Distribution

EJB.13.1 Overview

EJB.13.2 Client-Side Objects in Distributed Environment

EJB.13.3 Standard Distribution Protocol

EJB.14 Enterprise Bean Environment

EJB.14.1 Overview

EJB.14.2 Bean Environment as JNDI API Naming Context

EJB.14.3 EJB References

EJB.14.4 Resource Manager Connection Factory References

EJB.14.5 Deprecated EJBContext.getEnvironment() Method

EJB.14.6 UserTransaction Interface

EJB.15 Security Management

EJB.15.1 Overview

EJB.15.2 Bean Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.15.3 Application Assembler's Responsibilities

EJB.15.4 Deployer's Responsibilities

EJB.15.5 EJB Architecture Client Responsibilities

EJB.15.6 EJB Container Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.15.7 System Administrator's Responsibilities

EJB.16 Deployment Descriptor

EJB.16.1 Overview

EJB.16.2 Bean Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.16.3 Application Assembler's Responsibility

EJB.16.4 Container Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.16.5 Deployment Descriptor DTD

EJB.16.6 Deployment Descriptor Example

EJB.17 EJB JAR File

EJB.17.1 Overview

EJB.17.2 Deployment Descriptor

EJB.17.3 Class Files

EJB.17.4 ejb-client JAR File

EJB.17.5 Deprecated in EJB 1.1

EJB.18 Runtime Environment

EJB.18.1 Bean Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.18.2 Container Provider's Responsibility

EJB.19 Responsibilities of EJB Architecture Roles

EJB.19.1 Bean Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.19.2 Application Assembler's Responsibilities

EJB.19.3 EJB Container Provider's Responsibilities

EJB.19.4 Deployer's Responsibilities

EJB.19.5 System Administrator's Responsibilities

EJB.19.6 Client Programmer's Responsibilities

EJB.20 Enterprise JavaBeans? API Reference

EJB.20.1 Package javax.ejb

EJB.20.2 Package javax.ejb.deployment

EJB.21 Related Documents

EJB.A Features Deferred to Future Releases

EJB.B Frequently Asked Questions

EJB.B.1 Client-Demarcated Transactions

EJB.B.2 Inheritance

EJB.B.3 Entities and Relationships

EJB.B.4 Finder Methods for Entities with Container-Managed Persistence

EJB.B.5 JDK 1.1 or Java 2

EJB.B.6 javax.transaction.UserTransaction Versus javax.jts.UserTransaction

EJB.B.7 How to Obtain Database Connections

EJB.B.8 Session Beans and Primary Key

EJB.B.9 Copying of Parameters Required for EJB Calls Within the Same JVM

EJB.C Revision History

EJB.C.1 Changes Since Release 0.8

EJB.C.2 Changes Since Release 0.9

EJB.C.3 Changes Since Release 0.95

EJB.C.4 Changes Since 1.0

EJB.C.5 Changes Since EJB.1.1 Draft 1

EJB.C.6 Changes Since EJB.1.1 Draft 2

EJB.C.7 Changes Since EJB 1.1 Draft 3

EJB.C.8 Changes Since EJB 1.1 Public Draft

EJB.C.9 Changes Since EJB 1.1 Public Draft 2

EJB.C.10 Changes Since EJB 1.1 Public Draft 3

EJB.C.11 Changes Since EJB 1.1 Public Release

EJB.C.12 Changes Since EJB 1.1 Public Release

Glossary

Index