Common sense

A revolutionary call for independence and critique of monarchical governance

Thomas Paine

70 pages, parution le 20/12/2022

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Résumé

"Common Sense" by Thomas Paine is a seminal pamphlet that played a pivotal role in advocating for American independence from British rule. Written in 1776, Paine's work is a powerful critique of the British monarchy and hereditary succession, arguing that such systems are inherently flawed and oppressive. Paine begins by distinguishing between society and government, asserting that while society is a blessing, government is at best a necessary evil. He critiques the English constitution for its complexity and the inherent contradictions in its monarchical and aristocratic elements. Paine argues that the monarchy is an outdated institution that originated from heathen practices and is contrary to the natural rights of man. He emphasizes that hereditary succession is an absurd practice that often results in unfit rulers. Paine's pamphlet also addresses the state of American affairs, urging the colonies to break free from British rule. He argues that reconciliation with Britain is impossible and undesirable, as it would only perpetuate the colonies' subjugation and involvement in European conflicts. Paine envisions a future where America is independent, free to trade with all nations, and governed by its own laws. He appeals to the colonists' sense of justice and reason, urging them to seize the opportunity for independence and create a government that truly represents the will of the people. "Common Sense" is not only a call to action but also a foundational text that articulates the principles of self-governance and liberty.

L'auteur - Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine, né le 29 janvier 1737 à Thetford en Grande-Bretagne et mort le 8 juin 1809 à New York aux États-Unis, est un intellectuel, pamphlétaire, révolutionnaire britannique, américain et français. Il est connu pour son engagement durant la révolution américaine en faveur de l'indépendance des treize colonies britanniques en Amérique du Nord. Il a exposé ses positions dans un célèbre pamphlet intitulé Le Sens commun, publié quelques mois avant la signature de la Déclaration d'indépendance américaine en 1776. . Après la Terreur, il est relâché et connaît un certain succès grâce à son livre Le Siècle de la raison (The Age of Reason, 1793-1794) qui analyse le christianisme et milite en faveur du déisme. Dans Agrarian Justice (1795)1, il analyse les origines du droit de propriété et introduit le concept de revenu de base ou universel, proche du revenu minimum.