Résumé
Contents
Ch. 1 The Transfer Laws of the Air-Sea Interface 1
- 1.1 Introduction 1
- 1.2 Flux and Resistance 3
- 1.2.1 Momentum Transfer in Laminar Flow 4
- 1.3 Turbulent Flow Over the Sea 7
- 1.3.1 Turbulence, Eddies and Their Statistics 7
- 1.3.2 The Air-side Surface Layer 9
- 1.3.3 Properties of the Windsea 11
- 1.4 Flux and Force in Air-Sea Momentum Transfer 13
- 1.4.1 Charnock's Law 14
- 1.4.2 Sea Surface Roughness 14
- 1.4.3 Energy Dissipation 15
- 1.4.4 Buoyancy and Turbulence 17
- 1.5 The Evidence on Momentum Transfer 21
- 1.5.1 Methods and Problems of Observation 21
- 1.5.2 The Verdict of the Evidence 22
- 1.5.3 Other Influences 25
- 1.6 Sensible and Latent Heat Transfer 28
- 1.6.1 Transfer of "Sensible" Heat by Conduction 29
- 1.6.2 Transfer of Water Substance by Diffusion 31
- 1.6.3 Heat and Vapor Transfer in Turbulent Flow 32
- 1.6.4 Buoyancy Flux Correction 35
- 1.6.5 Observed Heat and Vapor Transfer Laws 36
- 1.6.6 Matrix of Transfer Laws 40
- 1.6.7 Entropy Production 41
- 1.7 Air-Sea Gas Transfer 44
- 1.7.1 Gas Transfer in Turbulent Flow 45
- 1.7.2 Methods and Problems of Observation 46
- 1.7.3 The Evidence on Gas Transfer 48
- 2.1 The Origin of Wind Waves 51
- 2.1.1 Instability Theory 54
- 2.1.2 Properties of Instability Waves 56
- 2.2 The Wind Wave Phenomenon 59
- 2.2.1 Wave Measures 62
- 2.2.2 Wave Growth 66
- 2.2.3 The Tail of the Characteristic Wave 71
- 2.2.4 Short Wind Waves 74
- 2.2.5 Laboratory Studies of Short Waves 76
- 2.3 The Breaking of Waves 81
- 2.3.1 Momentum Transfer in a Breaking Wave 82
- 2.4 Mechanisms of Scalar Property Transfer 86
- 2.4.1 Water-side Resistance 87
- 2.4.2 Air-side Resistance 90
- 2.5 Pathways of Air-Sea Momentum Transfer 92
- 3.1 Mixed Layers, Thermoclines, and Hot Towers 97
- 3.2 Mixed Layer Turbulence 100
- 3.3 Laws of Entrainment 104
- 3.3.1 Entrainment in a Mixed Layer Heated from Below 105
- 3.3.2 Mixed Layer Cooled from Above 108
- 3.3.3 Shear and Breaker Induced Entrainment 110
- 3.4 A Tour of Mixed Layers 115
- 3.4.1 The Atmospheric Mixed Layer Under the Trade Inversion 116
- 3.4.2 Stratocumulus-topped Mixed Layers 120
- 3.4.3 Oceanic Mixed Layers 124
- 3.4.4 Equatorial Upwelling 129
- 3.5 Mixed Layer Interplay 132
- 3.5.1 Mixed Layer Budgets 133
- 3.5.2 Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Budgets 136
- 3.5.3 Oceanic Temperature Budget 136
- 3.5.4 Combined Budgets 137
- 3.5.3 Banker's Air-Sea Interaction Cycles 140
- 4.1 Thermodynamics of Atmospheric Hot Towers 147
- 4.1.1 The Drying-out Process in Hot Towers 148
- 4.1.2 The Thermodynamic Cycle of the Overturning Circulation 152
- 4.2 Ascent of Moist Air in Hot Towers 158
- 4.2.1 Hot Tower Clusters 160
- 4.2.2 Squall Lines 164
- 4.3 Hurricanes 167
- 4.3.1 Entropy Sources in Hurricanes 172
- 4.3.2 Thermodynamic Cycle of Hurricanes 175
- 4.4 Oceanic Deep Convection 178
- 4.4.1 Observations of Oceanic Deep Convection 181
- 5.1 Oceanic Heat Gain and Loss 189
- 5.1.1 Mechanisms of Heat Gain 194
- 5.2 Oceanic Heat Transports 197
- 5.2.1 Direct Estimates of Heat Transports 198
- 5.2.2 Syntheses of Meteorological Data 199
- 5.3 Warm to Cold Water Conversion in the North Atlantic 204
- 5.3.1 Cold to Warm Water Conversion 205
- 5.4 The Ocean's Overturning Circulation 208
- 5.4.1 The Role of the Tropical Atlantic 211
- 5.4.2 Heat Export from the Equatorial Atlantic 213
- 5.5 What Drives the Overturning Circulation? 216
- 5.5.1 CAPE Produced by Deep Convection 217
- 5.5.2 Density Flux and Pycnostads in the North Atlantic 219
- References 225
- Index 237
Caractéristiques techniques
PAPIER | |
Éditeur(s) | Cambridge University Press |
Auteur(s) | G. T. Csanady |
Nb. de pages | 239 |
Format | 17,7 x 25,2 |
Couverture | Broché |
Poids | 533g |
Intérieur | Noir et Blanc |
EAN13 | 9780521796804 |
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