Résumé
The most comprehensive reference available on the methods and instrumentation used in the detection of ionizing radiation. Updated to reflect the latest advances, it offers a concise presentation of the fundamentals in sufficient detail to lead the reader from basic principles to examples of modern applications. This edition now covers new scintillation materials, fiber scintillators, new semiconductor detectors, and numerous other innovations.
Contents
Radiation Sources
Units and Definitions
Fast Electron Sources
Heavy Charged Particle Sources
Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation
Neutron Sources
Radiation Interactions
Interaction of Heavy Charged Particles
Interaction of Fast Electrons
Interaction of Gamma Rays
Interaction of Neutrons
Radiation Exposure and Dose
Counting Statistics and Error Prediction
Characterization of Data
Statistical Models
Application of Statistical Models
Error Propagation
Optimization of Counting Experiments
Limits of Detectability
Distribution of Time Intervals
General Properties of Radiation Detectors
Simplified Detector Model
Modes of Detector Operation
Pulse Height Spectra
Counting Curves and Plateaus
Energy Resolution
Detection Efficiency
Dead Time
Ionization Chambers
The Ionization Process in Gases
Charge Migration and Collection
Design and Operation of DC Ion Chambers
Radiation Dose Measurement with Ion Chambers
Applications of DC Ion Chambers
Pulse Mode Operation
Proportional Counters
Gas Multiplication
Design Features of Proportional Counters
Proportional Counter Performance
Detection Efficiency and Counting Curves
Variants of the Proportional Counter Design
Geiger-Mueller Counters
The Geiger Discharge
Fill Gases
Quenching
Time Behavior
The Geiger Counting Plateau
Design Features
Counting Efficiency
Time-to-First-Count Method
G-M Survey Meters
Scintillation Detector Principles
Organic Scintillators
Inorganic Scintillators
Light Collection and Scintillator Mounting
Photomultiplier Tubes and Photodiodes
Introduction
The Photocathode
Electron Multiplication
Photomultiplier Tube Characteristics
Ancillary Equipment Required with Photomultiplier Tubes
Photodiodes as Substitutes for Photomultiplier Tubes
Scintillation Pulse Shape Analysis
Hybrid Photomultiplier Tubes
Position-Sensing Photomultiplier Tubes
Photoionization Detectors
Radiation Spectroscopy with Scintillators
General Consideration in Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
Gamma-ray Interactions
Predicted Response Functions
Properties of Scintillation Gamma-Ray Spectrometers
Response of Scintillation Detectors to Neutrons
Electron Spectroscopy with Scintillators
Specialized Detector Configurations Based on Scintillation
Semiconductor Diode Detectors
Semiconductor Properties
The Action of Ionizing Radiation in Semiconductors
Semiconductors as Radiation Detectors
Semiconductor Detector Configurations
Operational Characteristics
Applications of Silicon Diode Detectors
Germanium Gamma-Ray Detectors
General Considerations
Configurations of Germanium Detectors
Germanium Detector Operational
Characteristics
Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy with Germanium
Detectors
Other Solid-State Detectors
Lithium-Drifted Silicon Detectors
Semiconductor Materials Other than Silicon or Germanium
Avalanche Detectors
Photoconductive Detectors
Position-Sensitive Semiconductor Detectors
Slow Neutron Detection Methods
Nuclear Reactions of Interest in Neutron
Detection
Detectors Based on the Boron Reaction
Detectors Based on Other Conversion Reactions
Reactor Instrumentation
Fast Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy
Counters Based on Neutron Moderation
Detectors Based on Fast Neutron-Induced Reactions
Detectors that Utilize Fast Neutron Scattering
Pulse Processing and Shaping
Device Impedances
Coaxial Cables
Pulse Shaping
Linear and Logic Pulse Functions
Linear and Logic Pulses
Instrument Standards
Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)
Summary of Pulse-Processing Units
Components Common to Many Applications
Pulse Counting Systems
Pulse Height Analysis Systems
Digital Pulse Processing
Systems Involving Pulse Timing
Pulse Shape Discrimination
Multichannel Pulse Analysis
Single-Channel Methods
General Multichannel Characteristics
The Multichannel Analyzer
Spectrum Stabilization and Relocation
Spectrum Analysis
Miscellaneous Detector Types
Cherenkov Detectors
Gas-Filled Detectors in Self-Quenched
Streamer Mode
High-Pressure Xenon Spectrometers
Liquid Ionization and Proportional Counters
Cryogenic and Superconducting Detectors
Photographic Emulsions
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters and Image Plates
Track-Etch Detectors
Superheated Drop or ``Bubble Detectors'
Neutron Detection by Activation
Detection Methods Based on Integrated
Circuit Components
Background and Detector Shielding
Sources of Background
Background in Gamma-Ray Spectra
Background in Other Detectors
Shielding Materials
Active Methods of Background Reduction
Appendix A The NIM and CAMAC Instrumentation Standards
Appendix B Derivation of the Expression for
Sample Variance in Chapter
Appendix C Statistical Behavior of Counting
Data for Variable Mean Value
Appendix D The Shockley-Ramo Theorem for
Induced Charge
List of Tables
Index
Caractéristiques techniques
| PAPIER | |
| Éditeur(s) | Wiley |
| Auteur(s) | Glenn Knoll |
| Parution | 01/12/1999 |
| Édition | 3eme édition |
| Nb. de pages | 802 |
| EAN13 | 9780471073383 |
| ISBN13 | 978-0-471-07338-3 |
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